Chemistry.

37° C To convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius scales, use the formula, [°C] = ([°F], 32) × 5/9. Inserting 98.6oF for the [oF] term, you get 37oC as the answer. [°C] = (98.6°F, 32) × 5/9 [°C] = (66.6) × 5/9 [°C] = 37

0.0001672 kg Scientific notation is a way to write very large or very small numbers. This method of notation is useful to scientists when they are writing very large or very small numbers, so they don’t have to write so many zeroes. To convert from scientific notation to standard notation, look at the exponent: The value of the exponent tells you how many spaces to move the decimal. Since the value of the exponent in 1.672 × 10-4 is 4, this tells us we will need to move the decimal 4 spaces. The sign of the exponent tells you which direction we are going. A positive exponent tells us to move the decimal to the right. A negative decimal tells us to move the decimal to the left. Since the sign of the exponent in 1.672 × 10-4 is negative, this means we will be moving the decimal to the left. So, since the exponent is negative and has a value of 4, so we just need to move the decimal 4 places to the left to arrive at the answer, 0.0001672.

Mole The International System of Units (SI, abbreviated from the French Système international) is the modern form of the metric system and is the most widely used system of measurement in the world.  It comprises a system of units of measurement built on seven base units, which are: Unit Symbol Quantity meter m length second s time kilogram kg mass ampere A electric current kelvin K temperature mole mol amount of substance candela cd luminous intensity (brightness) As you can see in the chart above, the SI Unit to measure the amount of a substance is the mole and is generally used to represent atoms. The kilogram is the SI base unit of mass, while a meter is the SI base unit of length. A gram is an SI unit of mass, but note that it is not a base unit. The base unit for mass is the kilogram.

Anion An ion is an atom with a net positive or negative charge due to an unequal number of protons and electrons. More electrons than protons = negatively charged ion (this is called an anion). More protons than electrons = positively charged ion (this is called a cation). When there are a same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, this is called an isotope.

Isotopes are atoms of the same element (same number of protons) with different numbers of neutrons. The number of protons defines the element. The number of electrons is not part of the isotope definition because electrons can be gained or lost (forming ions) independently of isotope identity. A neutral atom will have electrons equal to protons, but that is a property of charge neutrality, not of being an isotope. Isotopes can be stable or radioactive. Many radioactive isotopes undergo decay because an imbalanced neutron-to-proton ratio makes the nucleus unstable.

An element’s number of protons The atomic number of an element shows the number of protons located in the nucleus of the atom. The number of protons determines the identity of the atom. For example, if an atom has 6 protons, it is Carbon. Therefore, the atomic number for carbon is 6.

Sublimation The transition in the question involves going directly from ice (a solid) into steam (a gas), without going through a transition to a liquid first. This is called sublimation. Freezing is going from a liquid to a solid. Melting is from a solid to a liquid. Evaporation is from a liquid to a gas.

5   The pH scale is centered around a pH of 7, which is considered to be neutral. Values below 7 are considered to be acidic, while values greater than 7 are basic. Since 5 is less than 7, it is an acidic pH value.

A bond that shares one electron pair   In covalent bonds, electrons are shared between two atoms. This differs from ionic bonds, where electrons are completely donated from one atom to another. In a single covalent bond, one electron pair is shared, while in a double covalent bond, two electron pairs are shared.

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction   A catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy. A catalyst is not consumed in a chemical reaction and is regenerated after each reaction it catalyzes.

Ionic   NaCl is an ionic compound, which consists of a metal (Na) and a nonmetal (Cl). In this type of compound, ionic bonds are formed between the two atoms where the metal completely donates its electrons to the nonmetal.

28.2 %   In order to get this answer, we need to first divide the volume of benzene (59 mL) by the total volume of the solution ( 59 + 150 = 209 mL). 59 ÷ 209 = 0.282 We then multiply by 100 to convert the decimal in a percent 0.282 × 100 = 28.2%.

loss, gain In a redox reaction, oxidation is the loss of electrons, and reduction is the gain of electrons. OIL RIG: Oxidation Is Loss Reduction Is Gain

Nonpolar compound   A dipole occurs when there is an unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms in a molecule. In the dipole, there will be both a partially, positive and a partially-negative side. The more electronegative atom will be on the partially-negative side since it will be able to attract more electrons to itself.

20   Amino acids, which contain an amine and a carboxylic acid, are needed by the body to produce proteins. There are 20 amino acids that the body needs for protein synthesis, and they are grouped into two categories: essential and non-essential.